Marketing Management Week 5 Free Essays

Strategic planning at the corporate level involves the formulation of strategies to achieve the corporate goals and objectives. Corporate goals and objectives are the specific goals or objectives that the company is striving to achieve to fulfill the corporate mission and vision. Examples of corporate strategies include product differentiation strategy which is employed by a company when the product or service launched to the market is something that does not exist yet in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management Week 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the division level, strategic planning involves the formulation of strategies to attain the divisional objectives and goals of the company. The company may be divided into functional divisions (marketing, finance, production, and human resource) which have functional goals and objectives. To reach these goals and objectives, the company devises strategic plans for each functional division. For instance, the company might have decided to use the just-in-time production strategy to attain the goal of reduced storage cost. Finally, strategic planning at the business unit level involves the formulation of strategies to achieve the goals or objectives of the strategic business units (SBUs). If the structure of the company is divided into product SBUs, for example, then as part of the strategic planning, the product SBU goals and objectives should be attained. Product SBU strategies may include promotional strategies to achieve product SBU goals like 100 percent increase in profit of a certain product line. (2) The marketing process involves conducting a situational analysis by considering the internal and external environment to determine the opportunities and threats the company may face. It also involves formulation of strategy by using the company’s strengths to exploit the opportunities and minimize threats and improve weaknesses (SWOT analysis). This would be followed by marketing mix decisions concerning the four P’s of marketing (product, place, promotion, and price). Finally, the marketing plan is implemented and adjusted in accordance to changes in consumer preferences. (3) A marketing plan includes a situational analysis to investigate the internal and external environment of the company. This involves conducting a company analysis where the goals and current capabilities (strengths and weaknesses) of the company are identified. This is followed by the presentation of market segmentation which involves identifying your market and how they can be divided into different groups of customers (segments). Through market segmentation, the company would be able to customize its approach to different market segments in order to satisfy the needs or preferences of each market segment. A marketing plan also includes a discussion of alternative marketing strategies. This part discusses the marketing strategies the company considered to employ before deciding to pursue the recommended strategy. Examples of alternatives marketing strategies include re-branding and discontinuing a product line. Finally, the marketing strategies for each of the four P’s of marketing (product, place, promotion, and price strategies) are discussed. (4) A thorough market research is imperative to effectively manage the marketing process the central focus of which is the market needs and preferences. Since the ultimate goal of the marketing process is to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers in order to maximize profit, a company needs to learn about all the details concerning its target market. Hence, the company has to conduct a market research on what would satisfy the customer’s needs and preferences. In this way, the company would be able to successfully manage the marketing process. This would also ensure that there is an existing market for the product. Â  An effective implementation of the marketing process would prevent the company from having financial losses due to bad investments. References Netmba.com (2007). The marketing process. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.netmba.com/marketing/process/ Quickmba.com (2007). Marketing plan outline. Retrieved November 15, 2007, from http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/plan/ Â   How to cite Marketing Management Week 5, Essay examples

Impact of Tourism Industry on Economic Process

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Tourism Industry on Economic Process. Answer: Introduction Tourism industry is a major source of revenue of a country. The revenue realize helps in the social economic development of a country. Tourism industry triggers global economy as well as the economy of a country. Tourism industry is a major industry in Australia and tourists are attracted towards the variety of natural beauty in Australia (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013). Tourists across the world travel to Australia to enjoy its diversity. It is seen that tourism industry represents 3.0% of the GDP of Australia and it is seen to contribute $47.5 billion Australian dollar in the financial year 2014 and 2015 (Chatziantoniouetetal,2013). During the period 2014-15, the Australian tourism industry employed 580,800 persons. In this assignment, various aspects of tourism industry would be analysed. The effect of the tourism industry on the economy of the country would also be analysed in this assignment. A picture about the impact of tourism industry on the economy of Australia will be drawn. T he uses of various statistical methods would be shown in this assignment. The previous studies regarding the impact of tourism industry on the economy of Australia would also be studied in this assignment (Anderson, 2012). Background information Tourism in Australia started in the pre-colonial period where people from other regions set out in quest for wealth and adventure. Some of the tourists settled in places far away from their places of origin while others opted to go back to their homes. The dispersed settlement of the Australian population exposed majority of the people to occasional long distance travelling to visit their kins and for memory refreshment as well as entrepreneur visits. Most of these visits were conducted through horsebacks or ships, which was tedious and took longer time. After the end of war I the 1920s and the ease of the great depression in 1930, there was a sudden increase of travelling that prompted the economy to provide more comfortable means of transport like the railway transport introduced by the Australian government and the establishment of the Australian National Travel Association. The tourism traffic continued to increase through rail and sea transport. With the biggest number of tourist using sea, transport through the Queensland, port. The end of second war in 1945 saw the increased lifestyle standards as well as other means of transport. The beginning of jet age and large airplanes that had the ability of carrying 100 passengers changed the Australian economy as tourism boomed due to international tourism that increased the normal expenditure in the tourism industry. The growth of this industry gave rise to the hospitality industry that aimed to make tourists feel at home and welcomed. In 1960s, there was an increased awareness on payed holidays by corporations operating in Australia thus boosting domestic tourism. By examining how tourism varies across different patterns of tourist visitation both international and domestic, this proposal will be built on current information that will help construct a more comprehensive framework for the study of the tourism industry and its impact on the Australian Economy. The development of the sector has been has been in previous years frustrated by conflicting definitions, l ack of a methodological framework, and scepticism to the advancement of tourism. Studying the impact of tourism to the economy will provide a transition of understanding the key roles of the sector in the economy as well as develop measure to counter the negative results arising from the advancement of this industry. In addition to examining the relationship between tourism and economy, the proposal broadens the study of hospitality and transport sector in the country as well as international. Much of the previous research on tourism has been done have focussed on the revenue side of tourism in Australia. Likewise, this proposal will include the revenue side as well as well as the shortcomings brought about in creating these revenues. While tourism impact on the economy in terms of monetary benefits has largely been written on in many previous studies, limited number, written materials are available on the negative side that is brought out by tourism. Social economical negative impa cts have in time not been focused on and the accumulated effects have only been realized in the recent studies. This proposal will be developed in a way to ensure that the overlooked impacts have been addressed to uncover the relevant details and provide an all-round proposal. The proposal will address the social effects of tourism and the erosion of culture of Australian natives, who are the reason of attracting the tourists in the first place. The evolution of the tourism industry in Australia has seen improvement in services as well as facilities such as resorts that target the tourist population. Moreover, the tourism industry has relentlessly continued to grow the Australian economy to the extent that new enterprises are cropping up. These enterprise aims at enhancing service delivery by helping tourists choose their destinations as well as make reservations of their stay such as Jovago.com. Problem statement The problem statement developed for the present assignment is to assess the impact that the tourism industry has on the economy of Australia. The aim of the research is to understand and interpret the impact of tourism industry in Australia on the economy of the country. The objectives of the present research are as follows: To find the structure of tourism industry for the last 20 years To understand the change in the tourism industry for the last 20 years To find the structure of the economy of the country for the last 20 years To understand the change in the economy of the country for the last 20 years To understand the impact of change in tourism industry on the economy of the country in the last 20 years Research questions The questions of the research are as follows: How is the structure of tourism industry for the last 20 years? How is the change in the tourism industry for the last 20 years? How is the structure of the economy of the country for the last 20 years? How is the change in the economy of the country for the last 20 years? How is the impact of change in tourism industry on the economy of the country in the last 20 years? Literature review This part will analyse previous literature works done on Australian tourism industry. The tourism industry in Australia contributes about $34billion every year. The industry also provides employment to about half a million of the Australian population. New South Wales, Queens land and Victoria account for 80% of the tourism industry output. According to the viewpoint of Tribe (2015), it is seen that tourism industry can be a solution to the direct marketing organization. It is seen that tourism industry had been growing rapidly with time. People want to spend more time exploring different places and learning new things. It is observed that the domestic tourism in Australia accounts for about three quarter of the total tourism visits due to its rich economy. Among this domestic visits, household account for eighty-five percent of spending while the remaining fifteen percent is the expenditure from business travels. It was seen that there were 7.4 million tourists that had arrived in A ustralia in the year 2015. Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne are some of the coastal cities that are preferred by the tourists. The tourists (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013) also prefer high profile tourist destinations like the Gold Coast, Queensland and The Great Barrier Reef. Tourism industry is important in Australia as it employs 5% of the workforce in Australia. From domestic tourism to international tourism, Australia gathers her revenue from every methods of tourism. It was seen that total economic value of domestic tourism industry was found to measure $63.3 billion in the year 2009. As per the viewpoint of (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013), it was seen that Australia has various icons for tourists to visit. It is seen that Australia has varied climatic conditions that ranges from deserts to wilderness, mountains to coastal areas and cities to rural areas. Coastal regions have high profile destinations while there are Tasmanian wildernesses that lie at the southernmost tip of Australia. Australia has various major attractions across the country. From Great Barrier Reef to Sydney Opera House, there are various major tourists attractions across Australia. It was seen that there were 7.4 million tourists that had arrived in Australia in the year 2015 (Chatziantoniouet al. 2013). It is seen that Australian tourism industry provides various advertising campaign that features various Australian famous faces. These campaigns attract visitors from across the world and also encourages domestic tourists to visit different various places of Australia. According to the viewpoint of (Webster and Ivanovo, 2014), it was seen that the tourism industry provides a significant contribution in the overall level and economic condition of Australia. Tourism industry and economic condition, both are seen to increase with time. However, it is seen that there is a decrease in the holiday expenditure as a share of household consumption. It can be interpreted that there had been increase in the expenditures of the daily household consumptions, which had resulted in the decrease in the expenditure in tourism industry (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). The holiday patterns of Australia were found to be changing over the years. It was seen that there had been decrease in the holiday travel pattern for the natives of the Australians while there had been an increase in the overseas night pattern. As per the viewpoint of (Holden, 2016), it is seen that the distribution pattern of visitors across the states is uneven. New South Wales was seen to have most visitors in Australia than other states. Tasmania was found to have the least number of visitors in Australia across both domestic and international tourists. Australia has aboriginal, which is the native tribe in Australia. It is also seen that they have various cultures and rituals, which are not practiced in any other parts of Australia (Murphy, 2013). These rituals and cultures are attractive to various tourists as they can explore and understand the native cultures and rituals of Australia. Kangaroo and Koala bears are the native animals of Australia, which are not found in other parts of the world. Tourists across the globe want to see these native animals of Australia and they want to experience them at every cost (Anderson, 2012). It is seen that there had been a decrease in the growth of increase in the revenue from tourism industry. This had been due to the decrease in the number of tourists in Australia over the past. This had been a severe issue regarding the economy of the country as a major portion of the revenue of the company comes from the tourism industry. Part of the decreased growth on economy that is propelled by the tourism industry has been attributed to natural calamities that destroy tourist attraction sites within Australia. Thus, the impact of tourism in the revenue of the country is a bigger issue that should be analysed. In this assignment, an idea about this impact of tourism industry of Australia in the revenue of the country would be given (Tourism, 2017). However the tourisms industry has had its own share of problems and challenges in the Australian social and economy welfare, due to the heavy traffic that find tourism in Australia attractive. The traffic has contributed exhaustion of the existing infrastructure leading to poor sanitation that may contribute to the genesis of diseases to both the locals as well as the international tourists. Erosion of culture is another negative effect that might occur due to the adoption of foreign culture that comes along with the tourists (seagrant.umn/tourism, 2017). The belief that tourists are wealthy and have a lot of money might lead to engagement in criminal activities by the local people who will be robbing money from the tourists thus leading to loss of morals and religious values. Furthermore, the advancement of tourisms in Australia must always come at a cost to the environment thus leading to the damage of the flora and fauna, displacement of local people especially those at the beache s to give room for hotel developments. The bigger the population the more the natural resources that are needed to sustain the population (Research gate, 2017). The result is more footfalls, increased transportation, improper waste disposal, more noise, increase in pollution and disturbance of the ecological balance in the area. Moreover, the advancement of tourisms industry can lead to loss of traditional jobs such as farming to the local people where the farmers engage in tourism activities in place of farming. This can be detrimental to the national food basket of Australia. The continuous flow of cash around the tourist attraction regions may lead to increased cost of living due to upward push of goods prices leading to inflation that arises due to flow of large amount of cash in the surrounding economy hence the local people get disadvantaged(Tourism, 2017). The TSA frame in Australia came up with the direct and indirect definitions that overlapped the terminologies of input output modelling. The I-O modelling concept strives rp explain the flow-on effect generated by the tourism industry demand that includes, visitors spending plus the other industry that rely on tourism or suppliers in the sector according to how it is presented in the national TSA. However, the TSA direct concept will remain the same in other industries in the supply chain. The TSA report shows that the previous concept applied will remain the same to simplify the comparison on the flow-on effects. With the help of direct tourism, contribution only there will be an under-estimation of the total contribution on tourism to the economy. The correct tourism contribution will be achieved by applying the three Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) estimates values of tourism within the national accounting framework. A satellite account will allow the expansion of national account in various frequently toured areas while maintaining the structures of the core National Accounts methodology. The combination direct tourism and indirect tourism output will enable the calculation of flow-on effects using the I-O multipliers. The flow indirect effects are as a result of changes in supply brought about by the change in spending of the tourism industrys on goods and services from other industries. E.g., when a visitor purchases a meal from a hotel, the hotel goes ahead to purchases vegetables and meat from a food supplier, the food supplier will then purchases these from a farming company, which pays for labour and transport to deliver the produce to market. The estimation of the economic impact of such indirect effects, aimed at complementing the direct effects, will be reported in the findings of this paper, which will help provide a more comprehensive view of the economic contribution of tourism. Refer to Appendices A and B for detail on the criteria as well as p eriod used to facilitate the derivation of the indirect contribution of tourism on output and employment. The Australias economic share total contribution from tourism is simply the combination of direct contributions and indirect contributions with reference to TRA estimates. In this report, total contribution will be presented for the last 15 years period from 2001 to 2016. According to TRAs estimates the indirect Gross Value Added (GVA), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as employment have significant added value to the economy, by providing a more comprehensive view of the role that tourism plays in the economy. Policy makers have made great steps in the effectiveness of gauging the value of tourism, and applied this to inform their decision-making. However, Australia and New Zealand are the only countries that have put in place a mechanism to produce a full set of indirect estimates for tourism GVA, GDP and employment. New Zealands (NZ) TSA (2012) report indicated that in the year ended March 2012: The tourism sector total contribution was 8.6 per cent to NZ GDP; NZ$6.2 billion ( or 3.3 per cent) directly and NZ$9.7 billion (or 5.2 per cent) indirectly. Tourism has managed to employ a full-time New Zealand population of 186,900 employees (or 9.6 per cent). However, international governing bodies are now recognising the importance of a TSA. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2010) reported that, about 60 countries are identified by early 2010 as having already produced or currently developing a TSA exercise?. Research Methodology The research process will involve both qualitative and quantitative research methodology to obtain at conclusive and reliable data. The reason for coming up with the two methodologies is to be able to collect reliable data through qualitative methodology and understand the social trends through quantitative analysis. Data collection Both primary and secondary data would be collected for the research. Secondary data would be collected from the documents of the government of Australia and primary data would be collected from surveying the tourists of Australia. Both international and domestic tourists would be considered for this purpose. Thirty tourists, which consist of both international and domestic tourists, would be surveyed using questionnaire method. Close-ended questions would be asked to the samples to collect the primary data. The questions would be in Likerts scale and the responses of the respondents would be considered for the research. These data would undergo various statistical calculations in order to fulfil the objectives of the research. The primary data and secondary data would undergo statistical methods like descriptive statistics, methods of central tendency, correlation, regression and methods of frequency distribution. These methods would analyse the data and help to fulfil the objectives. Various graphs, charts and tables would be provided in the research in order to support the analysis. Significance By examining how tourism varies across different patterns of tourist visitation both international and domestic, this proposal will be built on current information that will help construct a more comprehensive framework for the study of the tourism industry and its impact on the Australian Economy. The development of the sector has been has been in previous years frustrated by conflicting definitions, lack of a methodological framework, and scepticism to the advancement of tourism. Studying the impact of tourism to the economy will provide a transition of understanding the key roles of the sector in the economy as well as develop measure to counter the negative results arising from the advancement of this industry. In addition to examining the relationship between tourism and economy, the proposal broadens the study of hospitality and transport sector in the country as well as international. Much of the previous research on tourism has been done have focussed on the revenue side of t ourism in Australia. Likewise, this proposal wlll include the revenue side as well as well as the shortcomings brought about in creating these revenues. While tourism impact on the economy in terms of monetary benefits has largely been written on in many previous studies, limited number, written materials are available on the negative side that is brought out by tourism. Social economical negative impacts have in time not been focused on and the accumulated effects have only been realized in the recent studies. This proposal will be developed in a way to ensure that the overlooked impacts have been addressed to uncover the relevant details and provide an all-round proposal. Ethical consideration Various ethical issues would be considered in this research. The researcher would not force the respondents to answer the questionnaire and participate in the survey. There will be no names asked belonging to respondents. The researcher will aim at assessing the impact of tourism industry on the Australian economy by engaging respondents in the research. The researcher should not use any arms and threaten the respondents to provide the responses. The researcher should not tamper with the responses of the respondents and should collect the data as it comes. The researcher must seek the permission of the respondents prior to using the data. Expected outcomes It is expected that there has been a continuous increase in the daily expenses of tourists both domestic and international, which had resulted from various improvement in the tourism industry, services as well as the economic welfare of the Australian economy. The Australian tourism will generate large amounts of revenue that will in turn contribute to the overall growth of the economy. Employment rates will go high during certain seasons; as a result, the lifestyle of the surrounding community will be elevated to the level above poverty threshold. Other local industries are expected to record a growth brought about by the thriving tourism industry, such industries include fashion, food, hospitality as well as the construction industry (Anderson, 2012). The decrease in the expenditure in tourism is explained by the unexpected natural disasters that destroyed the attractiveness of touring places in Australia hence contributing to the decrease of the place popularity, tourists had lost interests in touring such places in Australia. Apart from the low expenses the tourism industry will lead to several negative impacts such as loss of traditional jobs by the local people who will shift the occupations to venture in to the tourism industry will seem lucrative. Hiked product prices will also be observed, as the surrounding economy will be flooded with cash from both domestic and international tourists. Criminal activities will also top the list of negative impacts promoted by tourism, as the local people will try to enrich themselves by robbing the tourists of their belongings and cash. Culture and traditional practices will be eroded because of adoption of foreign culture practised by the tourist. Moreover, environmental destruction will be prevalent, as developers will require space to setup hotels, hence destroying the flora and fauna. Finally, pollution will be inevitable due to the traffic brought about by the tourists at the tourist sites that do not have adequ ate infrastructure to handle large population of tourists (Research gate, 2017). References Anderson, B. (2012). Crisis management in the Australian tourism industry: Preparedness, personnel and postscript. Tourism Management, 27(6), pp.1290-1297. Chatziantoniou, I., Filis, G., Eeckels, B. and Apostolakis, A., 2013. Oil prices, tourism income and economic growth: A structural VAR approach for European Mediterranean countries.Tourism Management,36, pp.331-341. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Holden, A., 2016.Environment and tourism.Routledge. Lee, J.W. and Brahmasrene, T., 2013. Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union.Tourism Management,38, pp.69-76. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Murphy, P.E., 2013.Tourism: A Community Approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Researchgate.(2017). Tourism Rmpact. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277411573_Positive_vs_negative_economic_impacts_of_tourism_development_a_review_of_economic_impact_studies [accessed 4 feb. 2017]. seagrant.umn/tourism. (2017). tourism and the economy. [online] Available at: https://www.seagrant.umn.edu/tourism/pdfs/ImpactsTourism.pdf [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Tourism, P. (2017). Positive Negative Effects of Tourism. [online] Traveltips.australia.com. Available at: https://traveltips.australia.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017]. Tribe, J., 2015.The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism.Routledge. Webster, C. and Ivanov, S., 2014. Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?.Tourism Management,40, pp.137-140.

Speech Sample free essay sample

I remember till the words of Appeaser Public School victims: C. .. *-o Dear Sir, We are not honest, not sincere, we are corrupt, we are disobedient, we are not diligent and we dont love our country. Thats why we are backward and UN-developing in the world. We are not united as one nation, and we are not still wake up. The great thing in the world is not much where we stand, as in what direction we are moving. We are wasting our time, wasting our energy, wasting our money on unnecessary and useless things. There is recommendation favoritism and wealth instead of merit.IS ,ASS Dear Audience: Alexander pope said that charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul: Merit will change our country, merit will eradicate common people problems, merit will provide justice and merit will develop Pakistan economically, socially and politically. Pakistan is not a poor county; its billions of dollars are in foreign banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we use that money, than it is equal to the 30 years budgets of our country. For any change in the country, first of all there is need of change of our character. We must be optimistic and solely ready to trudge. ASS Our Allah almighty, Holy Quern, Holy Prophet (PUBIC) and all people will bring change for this sorrowful land Pakistan. Everybody must care of others without a sense of caring, there can be no sense of community and change. Our nation is a great nation. It will never be defeated.

Russian Economic Framework essays

Russian Economic Framework essays A country framework for these medium-term considerations should yield results useful for investment planning, policy choice, and financial reimbursement where appropriate. This is the focus of the framework outlined in this paper. This framework does not explicitly cover longer term and global level assessments, although one could use an essentially similar framework for those as well. This paper outlines a framework, not a methodology. It is compatible with many different specific methods. The reason for preserving this flexibility is that there are many methods, reflecting somewhat different traditions in modeling and country expertise, and each of these may have its own field of appropriate use. These methods are also evolving rapidly. Yet it is useful to identify, in the midst of these varied circumstances and rapid evolution, which particular general features are essential, or at least highly desirable, and to state these explicitly. The Harvard Business Notes Framework is very comprehensive but not focused to specific line of industry. Comparisons using different alternative strategies 3 Desirable additions to the framework A World Bank report on the Russian Federation states that despite the promise and optimism with which the dissolution of the USSR was greeted, the economic transition has not always sustained that optimism. According to the report, Russia still lacks the enduring economic basis to sustain its growth, and the recent uncertainty in the Russian economy only underlines the fragility of this emerging economy. In the following paper, I will describe the state of the Russian economy, how it got there, prospects for the future and recommendations regarding impact on U.S. investors. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and the end of the Cold War, the West was eager to support Russia and all of the former Eastern Block countries in the transition to Capitalism and democracy. In the ar...

Research Paper on Native Son by Richard wright Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Native Son by Richard wright - Research Paper Example Many middle aged adults are content with how they have lived their lives, and others want to change theirs (Shepard, 2013). Middle adulthood presents the reality to folks that there is little time to transform their life configuration. These are times in a person’s life that they can really look back on the aspirations and goals they laid down when they were growing. Growing into middle adulthood can go either way of being pleased and satisfied or being full of uncertainty and distress. The middle age phase serves as a time for reevaluation, a chance to put new choices into consideration. Many individuals feel they need to take their livelihood in a new path or do something they’ve wanted to do their whole life. After such reflection, a person either concludes that he or she is contented with the life structure choices made or quickly plans to made changes while they are still possible (Balswick, 2005) Brian knows that his physiological functioning is weary, and his bio logical clock tells him he is reaching middle adulthood. Since many athletes participate sports over a long period (from adolescence straight to middle adulthood), a lot of wear and tear happens. To most athletes like Brian, their social clocks commence before middle adulthood. At the time, Brian was enjoying playing football; he missed his teenage years and early adulthood. Now that, he is approaching middle adulthood he looks back on what he has missed out on in the last twenty years of his life and most importantly his achievements. Attaining middle adulthood is worthwhile because he now gets to do things he longed to do with his family. This according to Zgourides fulfils the primary psychosocial task of middle adulthood, which is to, develop generativity, or the desire to expand one’s influence and commitment to family, society, and future generations (Zgourides, 2001). Women sometimes sacrifice their ambitions and career plans for their families. Their desire is to be t he best mothers to their kids and good wives to their partners. For women, middle adulthood may bring the feeling of loneliness since those who have children are worried that their children are going to leave them. One woman realized that her children were growing older and were to go away to college. She developed a sense of incompletion inside of her and knew she had to go back to college to further her career. She gave her marriage and raising children her best, unfortunately, her marriage succumbed in divorce, and her children went away to college. The woman managed to earn her degree and went ahead with her life (Miller, 2010). Perhaps middle adulthood is best known for its infamous midlife crisis: a time of reevaluation that leads to questioning long-held beliefs and values (Zgourides, 2001). Many people may feel that they did not live the life they planned for themselves when they were younger, and their lives tend restart when they reach middle adulthood. There are a lot of aspects in a person’s life that may either take a good or bad twist. By the time, adults reach middle adulthood age many of them differ in the opinion on how they have lived their life so far. This is a time when a person reflects on where they came from as opposed to where they are going from the middle of their life. Sometimes during this stage, choices are made to either continue the path already taken or establish somewhat different path of live (Whitbourne, 2005). Many adults

Comparing Individual and Social Financial Motivations in Energy Assignment

Comparing Individual and Social Financial Motivations in Energy Conservation - Assignment Example This enabled them to draw the hypothesis for the study. Firstly, the researchers assumed that social norms are a major determinant on energy conservation. Secondly, the researchers assumed that financial incentive enhances energy conservation. 2. The sample size to this survey was homeowners whose email information was in the custody of homeowner’s association president. The participants or population sample to this study was selected from homeowners who responded to an email invitation from the homeowner’s association president. Data obtained from electricity supplying company provided a control to the study. This data provided the researchers with more accurate information on electricity consumption for each household than data obtained from smart meters. The study involved establishing the effects of motivation on energy consumption. The research also intended to establish the relationship between household’s total income and energy consumption. In addition, research wanted to measure the effects of incentives on different social classes. 3. The data was analyzed by first placing the respondents in to three categories according to their consumption capacities. This enabled the researchers to draw the mean and other measures of central tendency. The researcher also used a pie chart to represent their research findings. 4. From the study, it was established that financial incentives had an effect on the attitude of the respondent towards energy conservation. It was also established that social class influenced the effects of incentives on the respondent. Social classes were established by the level of electricity consumption in each household. High consumers or individuals with high financial capabilities responded positively to financial incentive. However, they were adamant to giving out personal information concerning energy consumption (Vezich 49). It was also established that low consumers responded more effectively to financial

The Different Forms and Theories of Governments

The Different Forms and Theories of Governments Government is a group of people either elected or imposed who exercise rule on behalf of citizens. The government should maintain law and order, ensure equality and provide public goods (Goldman et al, 2008). In the social contract theory, before government existed, life was short, brutal and nasty. Insecurity was very rampant due to the fact that there was no system that enabled there to be order in the society so it was survival for the fittest mode of life. Hence man sought for a way to improve the situation which was by giving up some of his powers to a higher authority called the leviathan, to control his selfish nature. They drew up a contract and that was the beginning of government. Ever since, there have been many forms of governments but for the interest of this paper, only three will be discussed presidential, totalitarianism and democracy. Totalitarianism is a form of government where there is no control of state power in the country and hence the ruling class seeks to consolidate its power via whatever means possible. The state is usually under control by one person, a faction or a ruling party with an ideology that controls all the public and private aspects of the people. This is the case in China where the ruling party dictates the affairs of the country and has for years consolidated its power (Li,2008).The state also controls the flow of information in and out of the country. That means that there is state controlled media and the government filters internet content. There is also control of the market economy whereby the state owns the wealth of the nation while the people are left to have a few. There is also the presidential form of government where the executive and the legislature exist two separate entities. In the USA, the Congress and the presidency are separate even though they both check each others powers (Goldman et al, 2008). The cabinet is made up of members who are not in the congress but their appointment must be approved by the congress. They exist for a set time in office after which elections are held. Likewise in Indonesia, the system is the same in that the president can be impeached by the congress if he does not perform according to the required standards and has the power to veto bills passed by the parliament (Ramage, 1995). This system of government has advantages in that decision making is faster and that there are checks and balances which prevents abuse of power. But in cases where there is change of power there is a stop of polices as different presidents come up with different ways of solving problems for example: In the US, the Bush- Obama trans ition that led to economic policies being changed. Democracy is the other form of government which comes from Greek a word demos which means people and kratos which means rule. It is a form of government that is meant to ensure equal representation of people of all kinds and also that they are free to express their views without fear to create a fair and just society (Goldman et al, 2008). Democracy has a number of problems. In the USA, apathy is a factor that has caused democracy to fail in that since it is a capitalist system only the people with money rule the day. The various interest groups who lobby at congress corridors to stop policies bribing legislators at the expense of the people who elected them in power. Also having money means that one can be elected in parliament as elections are costly and also that the electorate can be bribed to vote in a particular way or for a particular person. Although there is free press, this is an impediment to democracy as the media can favor a particular idea more than the others as long a s the people have money. There is also the problem of immigrants who the US government finds them hard to integrate especially radical Muslims. Democracy entails that there be freedom and equal rights but the Muslim beliefs makes it impossible for them not to be held without suspicion in the country. The terrorism threats, suicide bombings have caused the US who is the mother of democracy to be at war all over the world with terrorists (Goldman et al, 2008). In China, democracy has failed due to a closed system of government that has restricted the flow of information in and out of the country and also the control of media content in that whatever the state does cannot be criticized. China views democracy as a Western ideology hence seeks to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“protectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  its citizens from that influence. Even though there are elections, only the candidates that the ruling party approves will be elected and this means that the people do not have a say on who will represent them (Li, 2008). In Indonesia democracy has failed because of threats from militias who bring terror and intimidation to the people causing them not to vote. This happened in East Timor, where the militia supporting the ruling party intimidated people to vote in a certain way (Ramage, 1995). There is also foreign interference in elections whereby different world powers want a government that will support their interests. The US will tend to back a moderate pers on who will not tolerate the radical Islamists. In conclusion, I still believe even with all these problems caused by the government that it is necessary for us to have one. Countries in a state of anarchy are chaotic women are raped, children are violated, there are massive killings as people are struggling to be in power because there is no one to maintain order. History has taught us that the people have their destinies in their hands and that they can overthrow a government that does not advocate for their interest and put in place people who can bring the change that they want.